بیست و چهار تن از مقامات پیشین اروپا و آمریکا با انتشار فراخوانی از رئیس جمهوری آمریکا خواسته اند که مجازات های این کشور را علیه جمهوری اسلامی ایران تعدیل کند به طوری که ایران بتواند به تجهیزات پزشکی و درمانی لازم برای مقابله با ویروس “کووید ١٩” دست یابد.
فدریکا موگرینی، نمایندۀ پیشین سیاست خارجی اتحادیۀ اروپا، “گرو هارلم بروندلاند”، مدیر کل پیشین سازمان جهانی بهداشت، و همچنین دیپلمات های ارشد آمریکایی در دولت های بوش، کلینتون و اوباما، از جمله شخصیت هایی هستند که از این فراخوان پشتیبانی کرده اند.
امضاکنندگان این فراخوان خواستار لغو مجازات های آمریکا علیه ایران نشده اند. آنان از رئیس جمهوری آمریکا خواسته اند که تلاش هدفداری جهت تعدیل آن دسته از مقررات دولت واشنگتن انجام دهد که مانع تهران از خریداری کالاهای پزشکی و بشردوستانه می شوند.
امضاکنندگان فراخوان گفته اند که این تلاش می تواند جان صدها هزار ایرانی عادی را نجات بدهد و از اشاعۀ سریع ویروس کرونا در کشورهای همسایه و همچنین در اروپا و آمریکا جلوگیری کند. نویسندگان فراخوان گفته اند که نجات جان ایرانیان در مقابل ویروس “کووید ١٩” برای امنیت اروپا و آمریکا ضروری است و این موضوع باید “ورای اختلافات سیاسی میان دولت ها” در نظر گرفته شود.
مادلن آلبریت، وزیر امور خارجۀ پیشین آمریکا، ویلیام کوهن و چاک هگل، وزرای دفاع پیشین آمریکا، هانس بلیکس، مدیر پیشین آژانس بین المللی انرژی اتمی، پُل اونیل، وزیر پیشین خزانه داری آمریکا، ویلیام برنز، سرپرست پیشین مذاکرات اتمی آمریکا با ایران، و جورج رابرتسون، دبیر کل پیشین ناتو، از دیگر امضاکنندگان این فراخوان هستند.
این بیانیه که به ابتکار دو مؤسسۀ “شبکۀ رهبری اروپا” و “پروژۀ ایران” تهیه شده گسترده ترین اقدامی است که جهت تعدیل تحریم های آمریکا علیه تهران صورت گرفته بی آنکه خواستار تغییر کامل سیاست آمریکا در قبال جمهوری اسلامی ایران شود.
در این فراخوان می خوانیم : “اگر چه فشارهای حداکثری آمریکا قصد کُشتن نداشته اند، اما، ایالات متحد آمریکا از خلال تحریم هایش علیه ایران کارآیی نظام سلامت این کشور را [در مواجهه با ویروس کرونا] به خطر انداخته است.” نویسندگان فراخوان گفته اند که تحریم های آمریکا واردات دارو و تجهیزات پزشکی و همچنین مواد اولیه تولید داروها در بازار داخلی ایران را برای حکومت این کشور گرانتر و پیچیده تر ساخته اند.
امضاکنندگان بیانیه همچنین از رئیس جمهوری آمریکا خواسته اند که از حقوق خود در شورای مدیریت صندوق بین المللی پول برای جلوگیری از اعطای وام پنج میلیارد دلاری به حکومت ایران استفاده نکند و با انتشار بیانیه ای از اینستکس، سازوکار مبادلات تجاری اروپا و ایران، نیز پشتیبانی نماید.
رئیس جمهوری آمریکا، دونالد ترامپ، گفته است که حسن روحانی به طور خصوصی از او تقاضای کمک کرده است، اما، رئیس جمهوری ایران که تحت فشار گروه های تُندرو در داخل کشور است این تقاضا را تکذیب کرده است. امروز عباس موسوی، سخنگوی وزارت امور خارجۀ جمهوری اسلامی ایران، نیز تکذیب کرد که تهران مستقیماً از آمریکا تقاضای کمک کرده است.
رادیو فرانسه
Former world officials call on US to ease Iran sanctions to fight Covid-19
Former U.S. diplomats and European leaders call for easing sanctions on Iran
Transatlantic Call to Ease Humanitarian Trade with Iran due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
06 April 2020
Like many Americans and Europeans, Iranians are also facing one of their country’s darkest times in living memory. As the world grapples with COVID-19 – the disease caused by the novel coronavirus – we must remember that an outbreak anywhere impacts people everywhere. In turn, reaching across borders to save lives is imperative for our own security and must override political differences among governments.
Iran’s reported case fatality rate – which may greatly understate the true numbers – is one of the highest in the world. Though never intended to kill, US “maximum pressure” through sanctions on Iran are compromising the performance of the Iranian healthcare system as Iran’s outbreak moves into its second month. Despite humanitarian exemptions provided under US and international law, these sanctions make the importation of medicine, medical equipment and raw materials needed to produce these goods domestically slower, more expensive, and complicated – when even possible – by deterring potential suppliers out of fear of overstepping sanctions’ limits.
Like every country – even one as large and wealthy as the United States – success in fighting the virus requires that Iran have flexible, reliable and affordable means of importing these crucial supplies through commercial channels. The Trump administration’s sanctions on Iran are the most extensive coercive economic measures ever imposed on a country. A focused reduction in overall pressure would have a significant impact on the ability of Iran’s healthcare system to respond to the COVID-19 outbreak, potentially saving the lives of hundreds of thousands of ordinary Iranians and, by helping to curb the virus’ rapid spread across borders, the lives of its neighbors, Europeans, Americans and others.
Given military escalation between the US and Iran earlier this year, the possibility of diplomatic engagement with Iran has already narrowed, and a lack of relief may shut down chances completely. Such relief would not change the overall posture of the Trump administration’s policy towards Iran or sacrifice any meaningful leverage for future negotiations on Iran’s nuclear, missile, or regional policies. However, a failure to provide relief could have significant and long-lasting consequences for the reputation of the United States and Europe among the Iranian people. This would starkly raise the political costs of engaging with either the US or Europe for any current or future Iranian decision-makers while simultaneously boosting the influence of Iran’s non-Western partners.
The United States has said that it has offered assistance to Iran but has not made the details or any potential conditions public. However, given the high level of tensions and mutual distrust between Tehran and Washington, it is unrealistic to expect that Iran would tie itself to US aid to tackle a national emergency or ask Washington for help. Offering aid with one hand while taking away much more through the pressure of crippling economic sanctions with the other is not a coherent posture.
Iran has received timely and important aid from the E3/EU (France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the European Union), as well as Japan, China, Russia, Qatar, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, and others. While this aid has played an important role in the early days of the crisis, Iran cannot depend on this limited assistance alone, especially as the pandemic becomes more severe in many of the donor countries.
Just as the COVID-19 pandemic has upended every aspect of the global economy and of human lives and health, it has drastically changed the impact of a US policy designed for a different purpose and conditions. Just because Iran has managed the crisis badly, that does not make its humanitarian needs and our security ones any the less. Targeted sanctions relief would be both morally right and serve the health and security interests of the United States, Europe, and the rest of the world.
Substantial measures that maximize benefits for Iran’s public health system must garner broad political support and be straightforward for the United States and Europe to implement, particularly as they both face growing public health crises at home. Measures that the US government should pursue include the following:
Immediate Measures
• Expand the scope of humanitarian exemptions under U.S. sanctions to directly include devices and equipment necessary to effectively combat COVID-19. This expanded scope should allow companies to make use of General License No. 8 (GL-8) when exporting these items. Many examples of medical devices and equipment, such as oxygen generators, full-face mask respirators and thermal imaging equipment, require a specific license from the US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) in order to be exported by US companies. Even when there is no US connection, these items are nonetheless not covered by the humanitarian exemption clarified under GL-8, meaning that the Central Bank of Iran cannot have a role in the facilitation of the export without exposing European and other banks to U.S. sanctions. This is a significant impediment to European exports of these items.
Add staffing and other resources at OFAC to speed-up the licensing process to enable a greater number of manufacturers to supply the Iranian healthcare sector and to empower more nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to raise funds and provide relief services.
• Issue comfort letters to European and other non-US banks, as well as for as many entities in the value chain as possible – such as manufacturers, shippers, and insurers – that already are conducting enhanced due diligence, in order to reassure them that they will not run afoul of OFAC if they provide a function for humanitarian trade with Iran.
• Offer regular updates on the operationalization of the US-sponsored Swiss Humanitarian Trade Arrangement (SHTA) and relax its stringent reporting requirements, which are a significant disincentive to any Swiss companies that might consider making use of the SHTA.
• Express support for humanitarian trade as facilitated through the Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges (INSTEX) as an alternative mechanism for Europe to conduct humanitarian trade with Iran.
Further Measures
•Make clear to countries that were granted waivers to continue purchases of Iranian oil and that as a result are now holding significant amounts of Iranian money in escrow that those funds can be used to pay for humanitarian exports to Iran.
• Provide funding to the World Health Organization (WHO) to enable further deliveries of aid and technical assistance to Iran.
• Do not interfere if the International Monetary Fund (IMF) board votes in favor of providing Iran with requested emergency financing. A loan from the IMF would help Iran address its balance of payments crisis and pay for imported medical equipment.
Signed by members of the European Leadership Network and The Iran Project:
1. Secretary Madeleine Albright, former US Secretary of State and Ambassador to the United Nations
2. Ambassador Hans Blix, former Swedish Foreign Minister and Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency
3. Lord (Desmond) Browne of Layton, former UK Defense Secretary
4. H.E. Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Norwegian Prime Minister and Director-General of the World Health Organization
5. Ambassador Nicholas Burns, former US Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, Ambassador to NATO and Greece, and Spokesperson for the US Department of State
6. Ambassador William Burns, former US Deputy Secretary of State, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, and Ambassador to Russia and Jordan
7. H.E. Mr. Hikmet Çetin, former Turkish Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister
8. H.E. Mr. Willy Claes, former NATO Secretary General and Belgian Foreign Minister
9. Secretary William Cohen, former US Senator and Secretary of Defense
10. Senator John Danforth, former US Senator and Ambassador to the United Nations
11. H.E. Mr. Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, former NATO Secretary General and Dutch Foreign Minister
12. Secretary Chuck Hagel, former US Senator and Secretary of Defense
13. Ambassador Wolfgang Ischinger, former German Deputy Foreign Minister and Ambassador to the United Kingdom and United States
14. H.E. Mr. Jan Kavan, former President of the United Nations General Assembly and Czech Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister
15. H.E. Mr. Louis Michel, former European Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid and Belgian Foreign Minister
16. H.E. Ms. Federica Mogherini, former High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Vice President of the European Commission, and Italian Foreign Minister
17. Secretary Paul O’Neill, former US Secretary of the Treasury
18. Ambassador Thomas Pickering, former US Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs and Ambassador to the United Nations, Russia, India, Israel, El Salvador, Nigeria, and Jordan
19. H.E. Mr. Anders Fogh Rasmussen, former Prime Minister of Denmark and NATO Secretary General
20. Lord (George) Robertson of Port Ellen, former NATO Secretary General and UK Defense Secretary
21. Ambassador Thomas A. Shannon Jr, former Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, Counselor of the US Department of State, Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs and Ambassador to Brazil
22. Ambassador Wendy Sherman, former US Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs, Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs, and Counselor of the US Department of State
23. H.E. Mr. Hubert Védrine, former French Foreign Minister, Secretary General and Diplomatic Advisor to the French President, and Presidential Spokesperson
24. Ambassador Frank Wisner, former US Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, Under Secretary of State for International Security Affairs, and Ambassador to India, the Philippines, Egypt, and Zambia
This statement was organized in partnership by the European Leadership Network (ELN) and The Iran Project (TIP). The opinions articulated above represent the views of the signatories and do not necessarily reflect the position of either organization’s wider membership. Enquiries about the statement may be directed to Sahil Shah at sahils@europeanleadershipnetwork.org .
